The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi Complex: A Protein Scaffold for ER Traffic and Disease

Target Name: Conserved oligomeric Golgi complex

NCBI ID: P17040

Conserved oligomeric Golgi complex

Other Name(s): COG complex

The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi Complex: A Protein Scaffold for ER Traffic and Disease

The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi Complex (COG complex) is a protein complex that is highly conserved across various species, including humans. It is composed of a network of eight transmembrane proteins that form a ~200-nm-thick layer of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The COG complex plays a crucial role in the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) traffic, including the delivery and retrieval of proteins involved in various cellular processes.

The COG complex is composed of several subunits that are involved in different steps of ER traffic. The major subunit is the transmembrane protein known as Tlg1 (2), which is responsible for the formation of the complex and for the maintenance of its stability. Other subunits involved in the COG complex include Trs1, Trs2, Trs3, and Trs4 (3), which are involved in the formation and stability of the complex, respectively.

The COG complex functions as a protein scaffold, helping to regulate the movement of proteins into and out of the ER. This is accomplished through the use of multiple interactions between the subunits of the COG complex. For example, the N-terminal region of Tlg1 contains a putative transmembrane domain that is involved in interactions with the cytoplasmic side of the ER. This interaction between Tlg1 and the ER allows it to form a stable complex and to regulate the delivery of proteins to the ER.

Several studies have identified potential drug targets or biomarkers associated with the COG complex. For example, research has shown that modulation of Tlg1 activity can be a useful tool for the study of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, changes in the expression levels of COG complex subunits have been observed in various diseases, including cancer, which may provide insight into their involvement in disease progression.

The COG complex is also of interest as a potential target for small molecules. The complex is composed of a ~200-nm-thick layer of proteins, which makes it a challenging target for small molecules to interact with. However, recent studies have shown that inhibitors of the COG complex have been shown to be effective in cell-based assays for the screening of small molecules as potential therapeutic compounds.

In conclusion, the COG complex is a protein complex that is highly conserved across various species and plays a crucial role in the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) traffic. It is composed of several subunits that are involved in different steps of ER traffic and functions as a protein scaffold, helping to regulate the delivery of proteins to the ER. The COG complex is also of interest as a potential target for small molecules and has been shown to be involved in various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of the COG complex in cellular processes and to identify potential drug targets or biomarkers associated with it.

Protein Name: Conserved Oligomeric Golgi Complex

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